Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol)

Pine bark extract, most widely studied under the branded form Pycnogenol derived from French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), is rich in proanthocyanidins and other polyphenolic compounds with notable antioxidant activity. Research suggests it may support cardiovascular health by promoting healthy blood circulation and assisting with blood pressure regulation, while studies indicate potential benefits for cognitive function, particularly in areas of attention and memory. Clinical investigations have also explored its role in supporting skin elasticity and hydration, eye health related to retinal microcirculation, and respiratory function in individuals with mild asthma. Although findings across these areas are promising, much of the research involves relatively small study populations, and the strength of evidence varies depending on the specific health outcome being examined.